Daraleœ

The Daraleœ are nomads who live in the desert above the Tšal cliffs. Their language is akin the the Khoisan languages of southern Africa.

                                    The Daraleœ consonants are:

                        Bialbial Dental alveolar pal-alv/pal  velar            uvular  glottal

Stop                 p b         t d      - -          - -                k g        q G     /

Nasal                  m        n        -              -                  - ŋ          ²

Fricative           f  v       - -       s z           š ž               - -          -           h

Lateral              -           -           l l             - -               - -         

L.F.                  - -        - -        - L         

Click                         Ž                         œ

Implosive          º          ë          -           ×           ©                      -

Approximant  - r           -             -                   -

 

Vowels:

 

Semivowels:
j           w

 

 

Morphology

The Daraleœ language is a simple agglutinative language with a very limited lexicon, as they do not have much variation in their lives. Their cases and usages are as follows:

Case

Singular

Plural

Absolutive (intransitive subject; transitive object)

-

-(a)s

Genitive

-el

-(a)sel

Ergative (transitive subject)

-at

-(a)sat

Comitative (Instrument)

-ūl

-(a)sūl

Locative (place where/to/from/at)

-eh

-(a)she

Essive (function preformed)

-ēš

-(a)sēš

Allative

-e?e

-(a)se?e

Vocative

-åd

-(a)såd

Terminative

-!ī

-(a)s!ī

 

            Daralec verbs are extremely simple. Just past, present, future, (im)perfective.

Person

Singular

Plural

1st

-ai

-oni

2nd

-(e)q

L

3rd

-(a)dif

-ãŋ

Past     -amek-

Subjunctive (if):  -aša-

Present Participle: -ãja-

Future    -ipam-

Causative: -ŋV-(takes the tense vowel and no tense infix)

Past Participle: -ẽjë-

Imperfective      -gil-

Perfective   -kir-

Future Patticiple: -ĩji-

The subjunctive is usually only used when refering to god. There is no infinitive[1].

 

Examples: danqal ilī for.

                 <good thou ?>

      How are you?

      horl-kir-amik-eq    ilī          mukal               for.

      <hunt-perf-past-2nd-sg     thou        mukal-Abs.      ?>

      Did you hunt the mukal?

      aša anasti for.

      <Subjun. God  ?>

      If God is willing.

      /horl-ŋe-eq                         mukal           ganalūl           for/

      <hunt(caus-past-2nd-sg)      mukal(Abs)  they(Com.)  ?>

       Who did you send to hunt the mukal?

Syntax

 

Lexicon

Nouns are in their nominative singular form, and verbs are in their 1st person sg present.

There is no to be. Sentences which would use it in English simply have no verb. The language does not use imperatives. Relative clauses are separate sentences. Adjectives agree with their nouns in case and number. Verb stems act as paticiples, adding the noun affixes to them. The sentence order is usually VSO?,? standing for for, which indicates a question.

 

 

(h)a-buzzard

alån/or -a small squat, green plant w/small yellow flowers. C.20cm tall.

ašfãn- a large coniferous tree about 2m in height, with flaky bark; the branches curl upwards almost like a snake. Grows on the edges of the Daraleœ desert.

ãzogo-a desert version of the Great Cats of Earth, inhabits the Daraleœ Desert

åŋãtå-fox

basadanai-sleep

danqal-good (adj)

daraleœ-the Daraleœ’s name for themselves.

daršan-plateau

ìivu-boar

ē-wolf

embuvu-horse

ešumbi-crow

fãnondãja-jumping

for-used to indicate a question

ganal, (pl.) ganalas-he, she, it, they

gåni-lizard

han, (pl.) hanas-I, we (rarely used)

horlai-hunt

ilī, (pl.) ilīs-thou, you

imbãn-caribou

is-prefix ‘great’(used in epithets)

janastai-walk

jizaŋga-harrier

œaserfuolai-see

œka-spear

anasti-the Daraleœ’s god. They are a monothiestic people, and do not sacrifice.

ãntåsa-coyote

karnalest -a stone ampitheater, common in the badlands of the Daraleœ Desert            

laqãmãja-gliding

mãlempi-buffalo

mbinqusãja-drinking

mukál -a small desert rodent

ndikåå-eagle

ndožãnda-ferret

ntãvequ-lion

ŋkusa-mouse

ŋgingundu-cougar

ŋgãfedå- wolverine-like creature of the mountains

ngåsivu-wren

ngampå-beaver

ngo-bison

nguvãvãno-dog

oaŋembu-hare

orēodon-an orēodont adapted to desert life, used as a pack animal when tamed, and also hunted {?related to Salanja orēodont?}

otondofo-deer

ongãbe/u-moose (Egitic)

qãgãmbå-leaping

sanaœ-hello (greeting)

sanaœaœī-goodbye (the ending is actually the Terminative, but the /!/ has been replaced

by the /œ/ due to the latter's prescence in the previous syllable.)

saŋkol-and

uhãn-kestrel

unanquke-heron

upazã-cormorant

untuhe-a burrowing creature of the desert not unlike the vole

wa/asuleg-the desolation of being in the badlands completely alone

wuguŋkolu-goat

žãvãmbå-hawk

žåwomompå-falcon

žēœånai-live

aŋkåLa-diving

/ånga-bear

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(is-)hågãju        (great) condor

floating sezov-ãja

šavã/e-kingfisher

mpusåd-ãja-limping

ižåbåsa-mule

nqaLuzã- a muskrat-sized creature, but built more along the lines of a desert kangaroo

osprey              tobombi

otter                 /åqivã

owl                   umpånqe

ox                    ŋkagi

panther             duta

petrel                nduwã

porcupine         nqushãnte

possum bašundã

pouncing           Lanuša

pronghorn         požalã

puma                ngåndeli

racoon              mpesåzu

raven                ugãŋa

running aŋgani

sandpiper         ŋãdå

scampering       qãšun

scouting            båtåma

skunk               amponqe

soaring             šãžu

sparrow            ntåŋgin

sparrowhawk   o

springing           uŋkedetå

sprinting            ãngãbaŋa

stalking låkeguso

strike                ntãbu

swallow            žongijo

swift                 pambenge

thrush               ndångitå

vulture              uzenge

walking zamoLi

watching           saŋki

wildcat             lushu

 

 

ŋgo

jãlåŋgu

nejushu

nqižaqi

gãjãnda

?mpågo

ŋmbishi

sha

himpåjohu

gožåzi

ŋigu

ndigã

jãpe

?eDHLãmbãng'ke

enduke

DHLuNqu

iŋgånte

zãNqaqu

Nisitu

zešuGondo



[1] This is a strange feature change, as both Drūl and the Highland Zēīn show infinitives (the Highland Zēīn form is a relic from the Fanai language, as not even the Old Salanjan Language or its Ker relatives had  infinitives), and they are formed exactly in the way that related forms should change according to the changes for those two languages from Proto-Daralec.