nova anglica

 

Béorn: ēne scine ceindgere

Hī is ālsow āne greite Mænes lōrde, ænd hōld-es cōrt-im in his hāl-um bitwīn ðum Mist-um Maunten-um ænd Mircwud-ū. Hētes ālar īvelar þiŋar, æs is scōnes bai his fait-þing-ar æt ðan Faiv-an Armi-an Bætl-ū.

Hwen ðan dworfan ðe trūpe ænd Hābbites ænd Gandālfes rīht-en ðem Ceroc-im īglumwiþ, Gandālf sεdes his þŏt-nεsc-im stē-en not ðeumwiþ, ænd līdes ðεm Béorn-es haus-ū, Béorn-es nōt-fēþ-em is scōnes bai Gandālfes nīd tric-en him þrū mēcende ðar dwōrfar cumeþ evrīar tūar smāl-taim-þiŋar) ðæt mēdēs Béorn-im mōr-im þiŋ-elarm-im in ðū stōrī-ū.

 

Fārover-ū ðūm mistī-um Maunten-ūm cōld-ūm

<Far over the Misty Mountains cold>

Tū hōld-pēin-plēis-ar dīp-ar ænd cævern-ar old-ar

<To dungeons deep and caverns old>

 

Nom.   -(e)       -as

Acc.     -im       -ar

Dat.               -um

Gen.     -(e)s     -an

 

 

            S                      P

M         F          M         F

Nom.               -e         -eg       -as       -asc

Acc.                 -im       -imi      -ar       -ari

Dat.                  -u         -ug       -um      -umi

Gen.                 -es        -esc      -an       -ani

Masculines and Neuters have merged, creating a binary m.:f. opposition. the feminine endings are derived from the masculine by the addition of */-j/, which either surfaces as a palatal approximant [j], a vowel [i], or palatalises the preceeding consonant (e.g., *sj> sc)

 

Pronouns:

 

1st person

            S          P

Nom.   ai        

Acc.             us

Dat.      mīu      usum

Gen.     mai      aur

 

 

2nd person

            S          P

Nom.   ðī        

Acc.     ðau     

Dat.      ðū        gūm

Gen.     ðai       gōr

 

 

3rd person

                        S                      P

            m         f           m           f

Nom.            shīo      hai/ðē     hag/ðeg

Acc.     him      shimi    him/ðεm himi/ðεmi

Dat.      hu        shui      hu/ðeu    hui/ðewi

Gen.     hiz        shizh    hiz/ðεr    hizh/ðεri

the alternate forms for the plural are derived not from Old English, but from the Scandanavian pronouns that replaced hīe, etc.

 

Verbs: pronominal determiners are used where the inflections do not distinguish the person (the plural inflections). The 2nd pl. is not used as a polite singular, only as a plural.

            inf. -eþ

S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        -(e)      -eþ                   -ea       -ēþ

2nd        -st        -eþ                   -est      -ēþ

3rd        -(e)s     -eþ                   -ēs        -ēþ

 

            Pret. stem +:

S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        -(e)       -eþ                   -ea       -ēþ

2nd        -st        -eþ                   -est      -ēþ

3rd        -(e)s     -eþ                   -ēs        -ēþ

 

Future: Present participle, with wilen conjugated:

S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        wile      wileþ                wila     wilēþ

2nd        wilst     wileþ                wilest   wilēþ

3rd        wiles    wileþ                wilēs    wilēþ

 Irregulars:

bīen-to be

S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        æm      araþ                 eam     arēþ

2nd        ārt       araþ                 āest      arēþ

3rd        is          araþ                 gēs       arēþ

Pret:     S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        was      wæreþ             wea      wēþ

2nd        wast     wæreþ             west     wēþ

3rd        waes    wæreþ             wēs      wēþ

 

gwen- go

S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st                gōþ                  goe      gēþ

2nd        gost     gōþ                  gest      gēþ

3rd        gōs       gōþ                  gēs       gēþ

 

hæven- to have

S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        hæf      havaþ              hævea  havāþ

2nd        hast     havaþ              hævest havēþ

3rd        hæs      havaþ              hævēs  havēþ

Pret.     S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        hade    hadaþ              hadea  hadēþ

2nd        hatst    hadaþ              hadest  hadēþ

3rd        hades   hadaþ              hadēs   hadēþ

 

caen- can

S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        can      canaþ              canea   canēþ

2nd        canst    canaþ              canest  canēþ

3rd        canes   canaþ              canēs   canēþ

Pret      S          P          Subj.    S          P

1st        cude     cudaþ              cudea   cudēþ

2nd        cutst    cudaþ              cudest  cudēþ

3rd        cudes   cudaþ              cudēs   cudēþ

 

Present participle: -ende(g)

Preterit participle: frequently in ge––en(i); e.g., cilen à gecilen

Gerund: -iŋ

 

bai – by +Acc.

-wiþ – with + Dat.

þŏt-nεsc – intention

sē-en – to say, Pret. sed-

fait-þingi - preformance

īgl(e) – eagle

lūde-lewd (OE #wede)

þiŋ-elarmi - interest

þiŋ-elarmi-en – to interest

þiŋi-thing

gīre-year

wilen – will, Pret. wud-

bīen – be; Pret. wäs- (sg. was-, pl. wer-)

not-fēþi - distrust

smāl-taim-þiŋi - minute

ðεr- there

  ðεrebaut(s)-near that place

  ðεræfter- post illō tempore

  ðεrbai- by that means

  ðεrfor- consequently

  ðεrin-in this/that place

  ðεrinæfter-afterwards in the same document

  ðεrev- of this/that

  ðεrtū-to this/that

  ðεrepān-upon this/that

  ðεrwiþ-with this/that; hōcum/illōcum

ðis- this

ai- I

ðī-thou

- you (pl.)

scī-he/it

scīo-she

hag/ðēg-they

-who

hwet?-what?

hwen-when

 

Standard Modern English Translation of the Passage above:

Beorn is a great Lord of Men, and he holds court in his halls between the Misty Mountains and Mirkwood. He hates all evil things, as is shown by his preformance in the Battle of the Five Armies.

When the troupe of dwarves, Hobbit and Gandalf reached the Carrock by means of eagles, Gandalf told them his intentions to not come with them, and leads them to Beorn's house, Beorn's distrust is shown by Gandalf's need to trick him by making the dwarves come every two minutes. This  made Beorn more interested in the story.