Western
Zēīn
The Drēīn were the descendants of the Salanjans, and were inhabiting the entire Rhêghîl basin at the time of the Drydic invasion, and are still present there in large numbers. Western Zēīn is spoken in the borderlands of the Udraþ Kingdom, and is heavily influenced culturally by the Kerinidoi.
Sounds
Bilabial alveolar
palatal velar uvular
Stop b t d tj dj k g
Nasal m n nj - - ŋ - -
Fricative sj zj
Lateral - - l - lj - ; - -
Approximant
- w -
- rj - - Ò
Vowels:
Semivowels:
j w
An
Agent/Patient distinction has developed, giving the language the oppourtunity
to continue the varied word orders of Salanjan. (Note: all examples for Western
is given in the Roman orthography of Western; all others transliterated from
the Salanjan Alpahbet forms, with an accompanying phonetic transcription)
{note: all varieties have an intercalcerary vowel, historically from Salanjan
short ă, written
A/a, with varying phonetic realisations}
Western:
Agentive:
-BA [væ]
Patientive:
-RA [Òæ]
Sound changes from
Salanjan to Western Zēīn:
Intervocalic
Salanjan t > */ > j if not part of a consonant cluster or after a nasal
The
clusters /gl/, /kl/, /lg/, /lk/ >*/É/ >/w/. */É/ could have been either a velarised lateral
or a velar lateral [l][1].
The
clusters /gr/, /kr/, /rg/, /rk/, /qr/, /rq/ > /Ò/. (/Gr/ and /rG/ do not occur)
The
clusters /tr/, /dr/, /rt/, /rd/ > /z/.
-SN-
clusters (S:s:z:§, N:m:n:ŋ) changed to Proto-Drēīn
*-ze). This has different reflexes in the Drēīn languages.
The čj and džj of the Coastal dialect are here KI, [tSi], GI [dZi].
The
opposition: þ:s, ð:z had been lost in all dialects except Western.
Western:
This
dialect is heavily influenced culturally by the Kerinidoi, and write their
language with the Roman alphabet, one Greek letter, and 3 Cyrillic letters. It
is one of the many dialects that show no p/ph/f, b/bh/v,
t/th/s, d/dh/z, k/kh/x, and g/gh/0
contrasts. These are stops initially and in conjunction with other consonants,
and are fricatives in intervocalic positions. Proto-Zēīn *-z«)
here went to –ZA [Zæ].
Salanjan -pt- clusters have changed to -UT- /-Ut-/, from Proto-Western-Zēīn *-wt-. This is the only dialect that has
not lost the þ:s, ð:z opposition. The alphabet used is given here:
|
P |
/p~f/ |
|
T |
/t~s/ |
|
S |
/S/ |
|
K |
/k~x/ |
|
Þ |
/T/ |
|
B |
/b~v/ |
|
D |
/d~z/ |
|
Z |
/Z/ |
|
G |
/g~γ/ |
|
Ð |
/ð/ |
|
M |
/m/ |
|
N |
/n~ñ~ŋ/
according to the following consonant or vowel[2] |
|
I |
/i~j/ |
|
U |
/u~w/ |
|
A |
/æ/ |
|
E |
/ε~ej/ |
|
O |
/~o/ |
|
L |
/l~λ~l/[3] |
|
Ω |
/«/ |
|
R |
/Ò/ |
|
Љ |
/l/ syllabic |
|
Њ |
/n/ syllabic |
|
З |
/z/ syllabic |
Examples:
KORBA TIR UOTALER GER
BERA.
<I in the past speak to you>
I spoke to
you.
TER ORAIABA TIR ORAIER
TEMEL TER UOTALER
<the falcon in the past fly out of
the mouth>
The falcon
flew out of the mouth.
DZALAKANDBA TIR PONTALALAT
<horde(pl.) in the past come
TEMEL RATKALRA TIR
out of East in the past
ROIALAKARAUERMU TER UDRATRA
name/call-reflex. the Udraþ.>
The hordes
who came out of the East called themselves Udraþ.
Lexicon
33 words.
AZAAR-move /geÒ-aZaaÒ/
ADZANN- heaven
DEIN-the inhabitants of the Rheghil plain,
descendents of the Salanjans
DZALAKANT-horde
PENU-son
PONTAL-go, go into /gel-pontal/
PORIU-hello
GER-infinitive particle
ORAIA- falcon
ORAIER-fly /ger-hoÒajeÒ/
IS-ruler [IS]
IODZ-sister
KOR, -Pron., I, we
KUL-prep. of
KAN-fast
KIRAKA-a boar-like creature which has a
speckled body
MORI-brother
-MU –reflexive
affix
NERAN, -ΩN-legs; plural [nεraŋn`]
NORE-dawn
ODEUS-rainbow
OITI-rain [oiti]
OKI-stormcloud
RAI-above (adv.)
RANAR-be
TA-he, she, it, they
TEMEL-prep. ‘from, out of’
TER,
TERES- ‘the’
TIR-adv., in the past (forms past tense
in the Drēīn tounge)
TEL-Pron., thou, you (also reflexive)
BED-king [bez]
UOTALER-speak /geÒ-wottaleÒ/
UOTAUARAUER-name /geÒ-wotawaÒaueÒ/
UOTALU,
-N-mouth
KUKI-noble [kutS]